12 Lead ECG

Fundamentals for Student Paramedics

Before interpreting rhythms, diagnosing abnormalities, or learning 12-lead ECGs, every student paramedic must first understand how to read the ECG itself. ECG interpretation is not about recognising patterns by luck — it is about understanding what the ECG is physically measuring and how that electrical activity appears on standardised paper.

This page focuses on ECG fundamentals:

  • How ECG paper works

  • What each wave and complex represents

  • How to recognise normal sinus rhythm confidently

These fundamentals form the foundation for all further ECG learning in ambulance practice.